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I Advice - All About DVD Part 1: DVD Format
On the heels of the fifth season of Fox’s Americana-mega-monster American Idol, small business owners have a huge opportunity to leverage Fox’s fortune into their own and put big bucks into the bank in the process.We are making a powerful plea to small business owners, Watch American Idol or go out of business.In order for small business owners to garner maximum pull and penetration with their generally small marketing budgets, it is vitally important to enter into the conversation that is already going on inside your customers’ heads.It is much easier to sell a prospect if you are in sync with what they are already thinking and talking about. Plus, by tapping into their current thoughts and emotions your message will penetrate deeper and make a longer lasting and more powerful impact.What does American Idol and small business have in common and how does that factor into the conversation that is currently going on?Fox’s blockbuster fifth season of American Idol is slated to reach some 27.5 million viewers. How many of these viewers are your prospects? Chances are a good number of them. Tying into media, news and pop culture events are a secret marketing hammer that small businesses can use for little cost to propel themselves into pseudo-local celebrity status. For instance, you can create ads, events and promotions that relate to your customers’ existing thoughts. It’s such a powerful tool, yet one that is far under-utilized by small businesses and entrepreneurs.According to the US Small Business Administration, over 500,000 new small businesses are born each year. But as many as 50% fail in their very first year of life (http://tinyurl.com/cusne). According to Vee and Miller, these daunting figures are a direct consequ
Audio data can be stored in various formats: LPCM, Dolby Pro Logic, Dolby Digital, Dolby Digital EX and DTS.
LPCM (linear pulse code modulation) is uncompressed stereo or mono soundtrack. It is usually used in musical video clips and movies where sound clarity is important. Same format is used for generic Audio CD
Dolby Pro Logic is special type of soundtrack that can be split into 4 channels for surround sound. Nowadays this format is uncommon.
Dolby Digital (AC-3) is fully digital sound compression format; it can be split into up to 6 independent channels. Unlike Dolby Pro Logic, each channel is recorded on separate physical track.
Dolby Digital EX is more advanced version of Dolby Digital. Supports up to 8 independent channels.
DTS (Digital Theater System) is another digital audio compression format, introduced by Steven Spielberg as an alternative to Dolby Digital. DTS provides more quality than Dolby Digital due to lower compression. That, of course, leads to bigger size of the soundtrack itself, which occupy more disk space. It also requires special receiver to be decoded. Because of these reasons DTS disks usually does not have any bonus materials but have LPCM soundtrack. This soundtrack is included to allow users without special receiver to listen to the sound (stereo only, though). Because of all these DTS disks are much less common compared to Dolby Digital. Usually DTS disks with improved video quality (and without bonus materials) are called SuperBit. Both DTS and Dolby Digital (EX) are also used in cinemas.
Some of the largest drawbacks of DVD-Video are its various copy protection measures, which were added because of the pressure from film companies. At first these measures provided lots of nuisance for users, but eventually every DVD protection was hacked. This process was also assisted by equipment manufacturers who simply didn't support most annoying protection measures.
One of the most a
Common conceptThis paragraph describes common concept of Windows personal firewalls. It is not necessary to implement the firewall in a similar way to have it secure. Common personal firewall is implemented as three or four separate components.Kernel driverThe first part is kernel driver. Its has two main functions and that is why it is sometimes implemented in two components rather than in one. The first function is a packet filter. Usually on the NDIS, TDI or both levels this driver checks every packet that comes in from the network or goes out to the network. This is also known as inbound and outbound connection protection. There exist some personal firewalls that do not implement neither inbound nor outbound connection protection. However, these products also have kernel drivers because of their second function. The second function is called sandbox. The most common methods of the sandbox implementation are SSDT hooks and SSDT GDI hooks. The driver of the firewall replaces some system functions with its own code that verifies the rights of calling application and either denies the action or passes the execution to original code. These methods allows the firewall to control all the possible dangerous activity of applications such as attempts to open files, processes, registry keys, modify firewall settings, automatically respond to its queries etc.System serviceThere are special user mode processes called system services. These processes have special functions and behaviour in the system. They run under privileged system user rather than under common user account. This fa
It's been a long time since DVD became common in our everyday life. However, most people don't seem to know what it is exactly. Answers to questions like "what sort of arcane symbols are printed on disk boxes", "how come DVD is different from CD if they look so similar", "what kinds of DVDs are there" and many others still remain mystery for many users. And instead of making conscious choice they just buy randomly without any knowledge of what exactly they are getting.
We will examine DVD in details, along with its history and different types available on the market. DVD-Video will get most attention as it is the most common type of DVDs.
What is DVD?
Initially DVD standard was designed for video storage only. Thus its acronym was decrypted as Digital Video Disk. Later, when DVD started to become popular for storage of all types of data, another meaning for DVD acronym was introduced - Digital Versatile Disk, which is still used nowadays.
Generally, DVD is the next generation of CD. First of all, DVD differs from CD by its significantly larger capacity. While CD disk can only contain between 650 and 800 megabytes, DVD is able to hold anywhere between 1 and 17 gigabytes, depending on disk type. This storage increase is achieved by reducing laser wavelength. But DVD capacity would never reach more than 4.7 gigabytes if it wasn't possible to make DVD disks double-layered or double-sided.
One side of double-layered disk can contain two layers of data. To avoid interlapping, outer layer is made semi-transparent. During reading, laser collects data from bottom layer first, and then switches to the second layer. This allows doubling the capacity, up to 9GB. It is easy to recognize double-layered disks - they have silver shade of working surface, while single-layered disk appears gold. Most video releases are printed on double-layered disks.
Apart from that, both sides of DVD can be used to store data. The possibility of making double-sided disks arise from the fact that the protective layer for DVD is only half of that for CD, that is, 0.6mm instead of 1.2mm. So, in order to keep compatibility with older format, single-sided DVD disks have additional plastic added to them to achieve 1.2mm thickness. Of course, it is not a problem to put additional layer instead of 0.6mm of plain plastic. This wasn't possible with CDs as they are thick enough already.
DVD - the history of conflict
In 1997 several large manufacturers of electronic equipment established organization called DVD-Forum (earlier known as DVD Consortium) in order to develop single standard for new generation of disks, as CD technology was becoming less and less sufficient.
Despite many debates and lots of technologies claiming to be the best, the final decision was made and DVD (with eight types of it) standard was established. It was soon followed by DVD-Video standard.
However, when it came to standards for recordable and rewritable disks, several large companies started to push their own formats DVD+R and DVD+RW. These companies founded their own coalition called DVD+RW Alliance. The most interesting part was the fact that different branches of formats were not compatible with each other.
Apart from that, Panasonic also contributed to the mess by developing DVD-RAM standard. This standard was faster and more reliable, but it was compatible only with DVD-RAM devices.
The ones who suffered the most from this mess were common users, as they were forced to make a difficult choice of preferred technology.
For that reason many people didn't rush for DVD and kept their data on good old CD-Rs and CD-RWs.
The war of standards was ended by Sony, which made DVD drive capable of reading both DVD-RW and DVD+RW. This device instantly became popular even in spite of its double price compared with single-standard drives. Sony soon was followed by other manufacturers and the ability to read both types of disks soon became a standard for any DVD drives. This was the beginning of the DVD era for PC users.
Unfortunately, there also were lots of disagreements during development of single standard for digital audio, DVD-Audio. Two technologies compete for the title of Audio CD heir: a partially compatible with Audio CD technology from Philips and Sony, and a standalone Toshiba's standard. Toshiba won, but Philips and Sony didn't give up and released their own format without DVD-Forum support. This format was called Super Audio CD (SACD). At the moment both formats are not selling particularly well and are not known in some countries at all.
Types of DVD
Let's move to DVD itself. DVD is the most common format nowadays. At the moment DVD comes in 8 flavors: DVD-1, DVD-2, DVD-3, DVD-4, DVD-5, DVD-9, DVD-10 and DVD-18. The difference is in the capacity, which is denoted by the number in the name (value is rounded).
The most common formats are DVD-5 and DVD-9. These are single- and double layered single sided disks, respectively. DVD-5 holds 4.7 GB of data and DVD-9 is able to contain up to 8.5 GB. These disks are used for most software and video releases.
DVD-10 is double sided single layered disk (9.4 GB) and DVD-18 is double sided double layered disk (17GB). This two types of DVD are much less common. All four formats mentioned above have same diameter of the disk - 12cm. Another type of disk to mention here is DVD-14, which is double sided disk with one side single- and the other one double-layered. This type of disk holds 12.32GB of data.
DVD-1, DVD-2, DVD-3 and DVD-4 are miniDVD. Their diameter is 8cm but otherwise they are completely compatible with standard drives. As with full-size disks there are single sided single layered disk (DVD-1, 1.36 GB), single sided double layered disk (DVD-2, 2.48 GB), double sided single layered (DVD-3, 2.72 GB) and double sided double layered disk (DVD-4, 4.95 GB). All these disks, except DVD-1, are quite uncommon.
Types of DVD data
Each DVD disk is able to hold various types of data. DVD can be used to watch movies (DVD-Video), store software (DVD-Data) and to listen to the music (DVD-Audio).
DVD-Data
DVD-DATA is used to store computer data on DVD. Basically it is the same CD-ROM, but with much bigger capacity, and it is used the same way as CD-ROM is. However DVD-DATA is more convenient as a storage medium due to its large capacity. Most modern programs doesn't fit on single CD, for example, computer games and Linux packages often need more than 10 CDs. In case with DVD one or two disks are usually more than enough. At the moment software is usually released on both CD and DVD, as not everyone has DVD drive yet. But it is clear that CD versions soon will disappear.
DVD-Video
Currently this is the most common type of DVD data, the one that DVD was initially designed for. Compared with VHS tapes DVD-Video is a giant leap into the future. There are heaps of features there that most people have no idea about.
First of all, DVD-Video is interactive - any place on the disk is instantly accessible and it is possible to have more than one ending for the movie. And parents can limit viewing of naughty parts of movies for their children. Apart from that disks can have additional bonus materials, such as interviews, promotion trailers, slides, text info and even videogames. In addition to all this DVD-Video is capable to have multi angle view option, when camera angle can be changed during playback. However, this feature mostly used in porno movies and live concert records.
Video data on DVD-Video disks is compressed by using MPEG-2 compression. This compression algorithm allows shrinking video stream approximately ten times, without loss of picture quality. As a result, each disk is able to hold up to 4 hours of video with 720x576 resolution at 24 frames per second (PAL) or 720x480 at 30 frames per second (NTSC). The streaming speed is usually between 3 and 10 MBit per second.
Video can be recorded in different screen ratios. For example, it can have ratio of 4:3, which is a standard television ratio, or widescreen - 16:9. Widescreen image have two types: Letterbox and anamorphic. In the first case image is simply cropped at the top and at the bottom to achieve desired format. In anamorphic mode the image is initially recorded in stretched form and then shrinked to the desired size. This method is much more effective as whole frame is used for useful data, while in Letterbox large part of the frame is used to store black pixels only. As a result, anamorphic mode has better details and sharper picture.
Audio data can be stored in various formats: LPCM, Dolby Pro Logic, Dolby Digital, Dolby Digital EX and DTS.
LPCM (linear pulse code modulation) is uncompressed stereo or mono soundtrack. It is usually used in musical video clips and movies where sound clarity is important. Same format is used for generic Audio CD
Dolby Pro Logic is special type of soundtrack that can be split into 4 channels for surround sound. Nowadays this format is uncommon.
Dolby Digital (AC-3) is fully digital sound compression format; it can be split into up to 6 independent channels. Unlike Dolby Pro Logic, each channel is recorded on separate physical track.
Dolby Digital EX is more advanced version of Dolby Digital. Supports up to 8 independent channels.
DTS (Digital Theater System) is another digital audio compression format, introduced by Steven Spielberg as an alternative to Dolby Digital. DTS provides more quality than Dolby Digital due to lower compression. That, of course, leads to bigger size of the soundtrack itself, which occupy more disk space. It also requires special receiver to be decoded. Because of these reasons DTS disks usually does not have any bonus materials but have LPCM soundtrack. This soundtrack is included to allow users without special receiver to listen to the sound (stereo only, though). Because of all these DTS disks are much less common compared to Dolby Digital. Usually DTS disks with improved video quality (and without bonus materials) are called SuperBit. Both DTS and Dolby Digital (EX) are also used in cinemas.
Some of the largest drawbacks of DVD-Video are its various copy protection measures, which were added because of the pressure from film companies. At first these measures provided lots of nuisance for users, but eventually every DVD protection was hacked. This process was also assisted by equipment manufacturers who simply didn't support most annoying protection measures.
One of the most a
In order to work in an actuarial job, you must need deep analytical skills, as well as an understanding of behavior and control risk programs. Actuarial jobs in the insurance industry include many disciplines and sectors of insurance including: pension, life, property, casualty, liability, health and general insurance. Actuarial jobs for life, health and pension insurance deal with the risk of death, medical services risks and investment risks.Actuarial jobs for general insurance are known as casualty actuaries and deal with non-life risks that occur to property and people. They commonly work with companies specializing in auto insurance, home insurance, commercial insurance, malpractice, product insurance and other types of liability insurance.Insurance is required in nearly every aspect of our lives, and big insurance companies have to calculate the risks associated with each insurance policy in order to properly bill for the service. This risk assessment, done by an actuary, is what helps the insurance companies decide whether the risk of the particular policy is worth it and how much to charge for the policy in order to minimize financial loss of the company.Actuaries specialize in probability and statistics, and use the foundations of mathematics, finance, business and economics to determine risk of events and to create policies that minimize the financial loss of the risk.In the UK, actuarial jobs are common, especially in the Government Actuary’s Department to analyze data and statistics to estimate the likelihood of events and their impact on the country and residents. The actuaries also design pension plans and financial strategies for the government to maintain finances and stability in the country.The general employm
DVD - the history of conflict
In 1997 several large manufacturers of electronic equipment established organization called DVD-Forum (earlier known as DVD Consortium) in order to develop single standard for new generation of disks, as CD technology was becoming less and less sufficient.
Despite many debates and lots of technologies claiming to be the best, the final decision was made and DVD (with eight types of it) standard was established. It was soon followed by DVD-Video standard.
However, when it came to standards for recordable and rewritable disks, several large companies started to push their own formats DVD+R and DVD+RW. These companies founded their own coalition called DVD+RW Alliance. The most interesting part was the fact that different branches of formats were not compatible with each other.
Apart from that, Panasonic also contributed to the mess by developing DVD-RAM standard. This standard was faster and more reliable, but it was compatible only with DVD-RAM devices.
The ones who suffered the most from this mess were common users, as they were forced to make a difficult choice of preferred technology.
For that reason many people didn't rush for DVD and kept their data on good old CD-Rs and CD-RWs.
The war of standards was ended by Sony, which made DVD drive capable of reading both DVD-RW and DVD+RW. This device instantly became popular even in spite of its double price compared with single-standard drives. Sony soon was followed by other manufacturers and the ability to read both types of disks soon became a standard for any DVD drives. This was the beginning of the DVD era for PC users.
Unfortunately, there also were lots of disagreements during development of single standard for digital audio, DVD-Audio. Two technologies compete for the title of Audio CD heir: a partially compatible with Audio CD technology from Philips and Sony, and a standalone Toshiba's standard. Toshiba won, but Philips and Sony didn't give up and released their own format without DVD-Forum support. This format was called Super Audio CD (SACD). At the moment both formats are not selling particularly well and are not known in some countries at all.
Types of DVD
Let's move to DVD itself. DVD is the most common format nowadays. At the moment DVD comes in 8 flavors: DVD-1, DVD-2, DVD-3, DVD-4, DVD-5, DVD-9, DVD-10 and DVD-18. The difference is in the capacity, which is denoted by the number in the name (value is rounded).
The most common formats are DVD-5 and DVD-9. These are single- and double layered single sided disks, respectively. DVD-5 holds 4.7 GB of data and DVD-9 is able to contain up to 8.5 GB. These disks are used for most software and video releases.
DVD-10 is double sided single layered disk (9.4 GB) and DVD-18 is double sided double layered disk (17GB). This two types of DVD are much less common. All four formats mentioned above have same diameter of the disk - 12cm. Another type of disk to mention here is DVD-14, which is double sided disk with one side single- and the other one double-layered. This type of disk holds 12.32GB of data.
DVD-1, DVD-2, DVD-3 and DVD-4 are miniDVD. Their diameter is 8cm but otherwise they are completely compatible with standard drives. As with full-size disks there are single sided single layered disk (DVD-1, 1.36 GB), single sided double layered disk (DVD-2, 2.48 GB), double sided single layered (DVD-3, 2.72 GB) and double sided double layered disk (DVD-4, 4.95 GB). All these disks, except DVD-1, are quite uncommon.
Types of DVD data
Each DVD disk is able to hold various types of data. DVD can be used to watch movies (DVD-Video), store software (DVD-Data) and to listen to the music (DVD-Audio).
DVD-Data
DVD-DATA is used to store computer data on DVD. Basically it is the same CD-ROM, but with much bigger capacity, and it is used the same way as CD-ROM is. However DVD-DATA is more convenient as a storage medium due to its large capacity. Most modern programs doesn't fit on single CD, for example, computer games and Linux packages often need more than 10 CDs. In case with DVD one or two disks are usually more than enough. At the moment software is usually released on both CD and DVD, as not everyone has DVD drive yet. But it is clear that CD versions soon will disappear.
DVD-Video
Currently this is the most common type of DVD data, the one that DVD was initially designed for. Compared with VHS tapes DVD-Video is a giant leap into the future. There are heaps of features there that most people have no idea about.
First of all, DVD-Video is interactive - any place on the disk is instantly accessible and it is possible to have more than one ending for the movie. And parents can limit viewing of naughty parts of movies for their children. Apart from that disks can have additional bonus materials, such as interviews, promotion trailers, slides, text info and even videogames. In addition to all this DVD-Video is capable to have multi angle view option, when camera angle can be changed during playback. However, this feature mostly used in porno movies and live concert records.
Video data on DVD-Video disks is compressed by using MPEG-2 compression. This compression algorithm allows shrinking video stream approximately ten times, without loss of picture quality. As a result, each disk is able to hold up to 4 hours of video with 720x576 resolution at 24 frames per second (PAL) or 720x480 at 30 frames per second (NTSC). The streaming speed is usually between 3 and 10 MBit per second.
Video can be recorded in different screen ratios. For example, it can have ratio of 4:3, which is a standard television ratio, or widescreen - 16:9. Widescreen image have two types: Letterbox and anamorphic. In the first case image is simply cropped at the top and at the bottom to achieve desired format. In anamorphic mode the image is initially recorded in stretched form and then shrinked to the desired size. This method is much more effective as whole frame is used for useful data, while in Letterbox large part of the frame is used to store black pixels only. As a result, anamorphic mode has better details and sharper picture.
Audio data can be stored in various formats: LPCM, Dolby Pro Logic, Dolby Digital, Dolby Digital EX and DTS.
LPCM (linear pulse code modulation) is uncompressed stereo or mono soundtrack. It is usually used in musical video clips and movies where sound clarity is important. Same format is used for generic Audio CD
Dolby Pro Logic is special type of soundtrack that can be split into 4 channels for surround sound. Nowadays this format is uncommon.
Dolby Digital (AC-3) is fully digital sound compression format; it can be split into up to 6 independent channels. Unlike Dolby Pro Logic, each channel is recorded on separate physical track.
Dolby Digital EX is more advanced version of Dolby Digital. Supports up to 8 independent channels.
DTS (Digital Theater System) is another digital audio compression format, introduced by Steven Spielberg as an alternative to Dolby Digital. DTS provides more quality than Dolby Digital due to lower compression. That, of course, leads to bigger size of the soundtrack itself, which occupy more disk space. It also requires special receiver to be decoded. Because of these reasons DTS disks usually does not have any bonus materials but have LPCM soundtrack. This soundtrack is included to allow users without special receiver to listen to the sound (stereo only, though). Because of all these DTS disks are much less common compared to Dolby Digital. Usually DTS disks with improved video quality (and without bonus materials) are called SuperBit. Both DTS and Dolby Digital (EX) are also used in cinemas.
Some of the largest drawbacks of DVD-Video are its various copy protection measures, which were added because of the pressure from film companies. At first these measures provided lots of nuisance for users, but eventually every DVD protection was hacked. This process was also assisted by equipment manufacturers who simply didn't support most annoying protection measures.
One of the most a
Today, there is a specific loan type for just about anything that you could need money for - whether short or long term. A balloon loan also has a specific purpose, and it could be what you are looking for if you are looking for something that is more of a short term than long term. Here are some ways that a balloon loan could help you.A balloon loan, whether as a first or a second mortgage, is always set up for a 30-year span. This is so that there is a basis with which to calculate the payments. Your payments will always be what they should be to become fully amortized over the 30-year period. Balloon loans then are given a period of time, such as 5-year, or seven-year, or even a 15-year, in which they become due.Balloon mortgages are usually fixed rate mortgages. The interest rate on a balloon mortgage is also a little lower, too, which reduces your monthly payments even lower, bringing even larger savings. There generally are not any limits on interest placed on refinancing, such as there might be with a 30-year ARM, so you will be refinanced at whatever is the current rate. Refinancing is simpler, though, and, if it is in your contract, you will not need to be requalified, or the property reassessed, and fees will usually be minimal.When a balloon mortgage becomes due, then full payment is expected. However, because there is so much left to be paid, most people are required to refinance in order to pay the balloon mortgage off. Whatever the interest rate is at the time, is the rate that you will have to take – there is not much of an option here.If you are looking to buy a house, and stay for a short term, either less than the typical 5, 7 or 15 years, then you have a real good way to save some money. A balloon loan allows you to
Types of DVD
Let's move to DVD itself. DVD is the most common format nowadays. At the moment DVD comes in 8 flavors: DVD-1, DVD-2, DVD-3, DVD-4, DVD-5, DVD-9, DVD-10 and DVD-18. The difference is in the capacity, which is denoted by the number in the name (value is rounded).
The most common formats are DVD-5 and DVD-9. These are single- and double layered single sided disks, respectively. DVD-5 holds 4.7 GB of data and DVD-9 is able to contain up to 8.5 GB. These disks are used for most software and video releases.
DVD-10 is double sided single layered disk (9.4 GB) and DVD-18 is double sided double layered disk (17GB). This two types of DVD are much less common. All four formats mentioned above have same diameter of the disk - 12cm. Another type of disk to mention here is DVD-14, which is double sided disk with one side single- and the other one double-layered. This type of disk holds 12.32GB of data.
DVD-1, DVD-2, DVD-3 and DVD-4 are miniDVD. Their diameter is 8cm but otherwise they are completely compatible with standard drives. As with full-size disks there are single sided single layered disk (DVD-1, 1.36 GB), single sided double layered disk (DVD-2, 2.48 GB), double sided single layered (DVD-3, 2.72 GB) and double sided double layered disk (DVD-4, 4.95 GB). All these disks, except DVD-1, are quite uncommon.
Types of DVD data
Each DVD disk is able to hold various types of data. DVD can be used to watch movies (DVD-Video), store software (DVD-Data) and to listen to the music (DVD-Audio).
DVD-Data
DVD-DATA is used to store computer data on DVD. Basically it is the same CD-ROM, but with much bigger capacity, and it is used the same way as CD-ROM is. However DVD-DATA is more convenient as a storage medium due to its large capacity. Most modern programs doesn't fit on single CD, for example, computer games and Linux packages often need more than 10 CDs. In case with DVD one or two disks are usually more than enough. At the moment software is usually released on both CD and DVD, as not everyone has DVD drive yet. But it is clear that CD versions soon will disappear.
DVD-Video
Currently this is the most common type of DVD data, the one that DVD was initially designed for. Compared with VHS tapes DVD-Video is a giant leap into the future. There are heaps of features there that most people have no idea about.
First of all, DVD-Video is interactive - any place on the disk is instantly accessible and it is possible to have more than one ending for the movie. And parents can limit viewing of naughty parts of movies for their children. Apart from that disks can have additional bonus materials, such as interviews, promotion trailers, slides, text info and even videogames. In addition to all this DVD-Video is capable to have multi angle view option, when camera angle can be changed during playback. However, this feature mostly used in porno movies and live concert records.
Video data on DVD-Video disks is compressed by using MPEG-2 compression. This compression algorithm allows shrinking video stream approximately ten times, without loss of picture quality. As a result, each disk is able to hold up to 4 hours of video with 720x576 resolution at 24 frames per second (PAL) or 720x480 at 30 frames per second (NTSC). The streaming speed is usually between 3 and 10 MBit per second.
Video can be recorded in different screen ratios. For example, it can have ratio of 4:3, which is a standard television ratio, or widescreen - 16:9. Widescreen image have two types: Letterbox and anamorphic. In the first case image is simply cropped at the top and at the bottom to achieve desired format. In anamorphic mode the image is initially recorded in stretched form and then shrinked to the desired size. This method is much more effective as whole frame is used for useful data, while in Letterbox large part of the frame is used to store black pixels only. As a result, anamorphic mode has better details and sharper picture.
Audio data can be stored in various formats: LPCM, Dolby Pro Logic, Dolby Digital, Dolby Digital EX and DTS.
LPCM (linear pulse code modulation) is uncompressed stereo or mono soundtrack. It is usually used in musical video clips and movies where sound clarity is important. Same format is used for generic Audio CD
Dolby Pro Logic is special type of soundtrack that can be split into 4 channels for surround sound. Nowadays this format is uncommon.
Dolby Digital (AC-3) is fully digital sound compression format; it can be split into up to 6 independent channels. Unlike Dolby Pro Logic, each channel is recorded on separate physical track.
Dolby Digital EX is more advanced version of Dolby Digital. Supports up to 8 independent channels.
DTS (Digital Theater System) is another digital audio compression format, introduced by Steven Spielberg as an alternative to Dolby Digital. DTS provides more quality than Dolby Digital due to lower compression. That, of course, leads to bigger size of the soundtrack itself, which occupy more disk space. It also requires special receiver to be decoded. Because of these reasons DTS disks usually does not have any bonus materials but have LPCM soundtrack. This soundtrack is included to allow users without special receiver to listen to the sound (stereo only, though). Because of all these DTS disks are much less common compared to Dolby Digital. Usually DTS disks with improved video quality (and without bonus materials) are called SuperBit. Both DTS and Dolby Digital (EX) are also used in cinemas.
Some of the largest drawbacks of DVD-Video are its various copy protection measures, which were added because of the pressure from film companies. At first these measures provided lots of nuisance for users, but eventually every DVD protection was hacked. This process was also assisted by equipment manufacturers who simply didn't support most annoying protection measures.
One of the most a
In this 6 part article series you will discover the amazing point from where your entire internet business and traffic generation success starts.If you take time to master this point, I bet your road towards a successful internet business and powerful traffic site will get a whole lot easier.I will uncover this secret right now. And the point from where your entire internet business and traffic generation starts is none other than unique quality content.I am sure you have heard this several times, content is the king. But have you ever experienced the power of this king? Did you let this king turn your life style upside down? Did you allow this king to swim your website into permanent profits?First allow me to explain you why content is the starting point of your internet business success.Internet is nothing but a web of words linked to each other in an amazing way that allows visitors to search information that they require.To sell your product you need powerful content. If at all you are selling a tangible product like a washing machine, you will require quality content in that niche that will help you to create a quality site that will gain trust of your visitors and allow them to purchase your product.You will require powerful content to give your visitors to convince the quality of your products and services.You will require content in the form of reports, ebooks, etc that you can provide your customers for free and get them to signup in your mailing list.You will require content to follow up your subscribers and gain their trust. You will require content at every single step, right from a visitor entering your website till he purchases your product.If you're selling an intangible product
DVD-Video
Currently this is the most common type of DVD data, the one that DVD was initially designed for. Compared with VHS tapes DVD-Video is a giant leap into the future. There are heaps of features there that most people have no idea about.
First of all, DVD-Video is interactive - any place on the disk is instantly accessible and it is possible to have more than one ending for the movie. And parents can limit viewing of naughty parts of movies for their children. Apart from that disks can have additional bonus materials, such as interviews, promotion trailers, slides, text info and even videogames. In addition to all this DVD-Video is capable to have multi angle view option, when camera angle can be changed during playback. However, this feature mostly used in porno movies and live concert records.
Video data on DVD-Video disks is compressed by using MPEG-2 compression. This compression algorithm allows shrinking video stream approximately ten times, without loss of picture quality. As a result, each disk is able to hold up to 4 hours of video with 720x576 resolution at 24 frames per second (PAL) or 720x480 at 30 frames per second (NTSC). The streaming speed is usually between 3 and 10 MBit per second.
Video can be recorded in different screen ratios. For example, it can have ratio of 4:3, which is a standard television ratio, or widescreen - 16:9. Widescreen image have two types: Letterbox and anamorphic. In the first case image is simply cropped at the top and at the bottom to achieve desired format. In anamorphic mode the image is initially recorded in stretched form and then shrinked to the desired size. This method is much more effective as whole frame is used for useful data, while in Letterbox large part of the frame is used to store black pixels only. As a result, anamorphic mode has better details and sharper picture.
Audio data can be stored in various formats: LPCM, Dolby Pro Logic, Dolby Digital, Dolby Digital EX and DTS.
LPCM (linear pulse code modulation) is uncompressed stereo or mono soundtrack. It is usually used in musical video clips and movies where sound clarity is important. Same format is used for generic Audio CD
Dolby Pro Logic is special type of soundtrack that can be split into 4 channels for surround sound. Nowadays this format is uncommon.
Dolby Digital (AC-3) is fully digital sound compression format; it can be split into up to 6 independent channels. Unlike Dolby Pro Logic, each channel is recorded on separate physical track.
Dolby Digital EX is more advanced version of Dolby Digital. Supports up to 8 independent channels.
DTS (Digital Theater System) is another digital audio compression format, introduced by Steven Spielberg as an alternative to Dolby Digital. DTS provides more quality than Dolby Digital due to lower compression. That, of course, leads to bigger size of the soundtrack itself, which occupy more disk space. It also requires special receiver to be decoded. Because of these reasons DTS disks usually does not have any bonus materials but have LPCM soundtrack. This soundtrack is included to allow users without special receiver to listen to the sound (stereo only, though). Because of all these DTS disks are much less common compared to Dolby Digital. Usually DTS disks with improved video quality (and without bonus materials) are called SuperBit. Both DTS and Dolby Digital (EX) are also used in cinemas.
Some of the largest drawbacks of DVD-Video are its various copy protection measures, which were added because of the pressure from film companies. At first these measures provided lots of nuisance for users, but eventually every DVD protection was hacked. This process was also assisted by equipment manufacturers who simply didn't support most annoying protection measures.
One of the most a
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Audio data can be stored in various formats: LPCM, Dolby Pro Logic, Dolby Digital, Dolby Digital EX and DTS.
LPCM (linear pulse code modulation) is uncompressed stereo or mono soundtrack. It is usually used in musical video clips and movies where sound clarity is important. Same format is used for generic Audio CD
Dolby Pro Logic is special type of soundtrack that can be split into 4 channels for surround sound. Nowadays this format is uncommon.
Dolby Digital (AC-3) is fully digital sound compression format; it can be split into up to 6 independent channels. Unlike Dolby Pro Logic, each channel is recorded on separate physical track.
Dolby Digital EX is more advanced version of Dolby Digital. Supports up to 8 independent channels.
DTS (Digital Theater System) is another digital audio compression format, introduced by Steven Spielberg as an alternative to Dolby Digital. DTS provides more quality than Dolby Digital due to lower compression. That, of course, leads to bigger size of the soundtrack itself, which occupy more disk space. It also requires special receiver to be decoded. Because of these reasons DTS disks usually does not have any bonus materials but have LPCM soundtrack. This soundtrack is included to allow users without special receiver to listen to the sound (stereo only, though). Because of all these DTS disks are much less common compared to Dolby Digital. Usually DTS disks with improved video quality (and without bonus materials) are called SuperBit. Both DTS and Dolby Digital (EX) are also used in cinemas.
Some of the largest drawbacks of DVD-Video are its various copy protection measures, which were added because of the pressure from film companies. At first these measures provided lots of nuisance for users, but eventually every DVD protection was hacked. This process was also assisted by equipment manufacturers who simply didn't support most annoying protection measures.
One of the most annoying of such measures was "Regional Protection" . The world was divided into 8 zones, and each DVD player was supposed to have information about its zone. The same was made for DVDs, and thus DVDs from one zone could only be played on players from the same zone. User was allowed to change zone for the player few times only, and the last of selected zones was locked in the player forever.
This trick was invented in order to be able to assign different price in each region, depending on income level. Besides, movie might be released in different times in different countries. For example, in Africa the movie might just hit cinemas and in USA it might already be available on DVD. So regional protection was supposed to stop people from buying DVDs in USA and selling them in Africa.
Unfortunately, this protection didn't bring anything but troubles. Many travelers were not able to play disk purchased overseas. Buying disks over the internet or from EBay also became a problem. Apart from that, some movies were released in certain countries only.
Many manufacturers considered these implications and started to provide means of switching off regional protection for their devices. Chinese manufacturers basically abandon this protection at all.
But uncontrolled distribution of DVDs wasn't the only thing that movie makers were against. Illegal copying was much bigger problem for them, especially given the fact that digital information can be copied endlessly without any loss of quality. To prevent that from happening, manufacturers included special CSS (content scrambling system) technology in DVD-Video standard. CSS basically encrypt all disks content and the key for decryption is available only for DVD-Player or special viewing program. Simply copying the disk will make the copy completely useless.
But manufacturers forgot to include support for Unix system and playback was available only for Windows and MacOS. This issue was solved by Jon Johansen, who wrote DeCSS program for Unix that easily bypassed CSS protection. Developers of CSS were enraged with that and sued Jon. They wanted to stop DeCSS from spreading and put Jon in prison, however, this case sparked lots of support movements around the world. Activists even printed DeCSS code on t-shirts. Finally, Jon was declared not guilty and his program laid a foundation for many DVD copy utilities all over the world.
In general, DVD format was successful and, despite some issues with regional protection, has spread all over the world and almost replaced VHS tapes.
Summary
DVD is not a new format anymore and there are actually new formats already that aim to replace it. Someone could ask why does he or she needs to be familiar with DVD if there is something new coming? The answer to this lies in the fact that DVD provides foundation for most new technologies, for example HD-DVD or Blue Ray. And if someone became familiar with underlying principles once, it won't be a problem to switch to something new later.
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